TL;DR
Among its two forms – dry and wet – dry macular degeneration is by far the most common. If you or someone you know has concerns about vision health, understanding how common this condition is can be an important step in managing expectations and making informed decisions.
How many people have dry macular degeneration?
Dry macular degeneration accounts for nearly 85–90% of all AMD cases. It affects millions of people across the globe, particularly those over the age of 50.
As life expectancy continues to increase, so does the number of individuals diagnosed with this condition. Research indicates that in the UK alone, around 700,000 people are living with some form of AMD, with dry AMD making up the majority.
Globally, the figures are even more striking. Studies suggest that by 2040, the number of people affected by AMD could reach up to 288 million. The dry variant remains the most widespread, which means that a significant portion of this projected number will consist of those with this form of the disease.
Why dry macular degeneration is so widespread
The high prevalence of dry AMD is linked to several risk factors, many of which are common in ageing populations. One of the strongest factors is age, with those over 60 being at the highest risk. However, genetics also play a role, meaning that if you have a family history of AMD, your chances of developing it are increased.
Lifestyle choices can also contribute to the development of this condition…
- Smoking
- A diet lacking in antioxidants and essential nutrients
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
- High blood pressure.
Regional variations in prevalence
While dry AMD is widespread, its prevalence varies between regions. It is more common in Western countries, where ageing populations are more prominent. In contrast, some Asian populations have reported slightly lower rates, although this gap appears to be narrowing as lifestyles and diets change.
The increasing numbers in developing countries are also worth noting. As medical advancements improve life expectancy in these regions, age-related conditions, including AMD, are becoming more common. This suggests that the overall number of cases worldwide will continue to rise in the coming decades.
How dry macular degeneration affects daily life
One reason dry AMD is considered a significant public health concern is its impact on independence and quality of life. While it does not usually lead to complete blindness, it gradually impairs central vision, making everyday tasks such as reading, recognising faces, and driving more challenging.
In the early stages, changes may be subtle, with slight blurriness or difficulty adjusting to dim lighting. However, as it progresses, the loss of central vision becomes more pronounced, leading to difficulties in performing even routine activities. Since peripheral vision remains unaffected, many people with this condition can still navigate their surroundings, but detailed tasks become increasingly difficult.
The importance of early detection
Given how common dry macular degeneration is, regular eye tests are essential, especially for those over 50. Detecting the condition early allows for better management, helping to slow down its progression and maintain vision for as long as possible.
While there is no cure for dry AMD, lifestyle adjustments can help preserve vision. Eating a diet rich in leafy greens, nuts, and fish, quitting smoking, and protecting the eyes from excessive UV exposure can all play a role in maintaining eye health.
Eye care professionals recommend that individuals over 60 undergo regular eye exams every two years, and those at higher risk – such as individuals with a family history of AMD – should consider annual check-ups. The NHS provides free eye tests for those over 60, helping to ensure early diagnosis and better management.
It’s never been more important to focus on eye health
Dry macular degeneration is a widespread condition, affecting a large proportion of ageing individuals worldwide. With increasing life expectancy, the number of cases is expected to rise, making awareness and early detection more important than ever. In the UK, AMD is already the leading cause of blindness, and its impact on healthcare services is expected to grow.
Although there is no cure, making informed lifestyle choices, accessing regular eye care, and using assistive technology can help individuals maintain independence for as long as possible. By understanding the risks and taking proactive steps, those affected can better manage their condition and maintain their quality of life for years to come.
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